Abstract:
Pure urea solutions are not very corrosive, but ammonium carbamate, an intermediate in urea synthesis, is highly corrosive.
For instance, carbamate solutions in contact with carbon steel will cause corrosion at rates of more than 900 mm per year.
To avoid corrosion by the synthesis solution, Stamicarbon has developed strict specifications as to the quality of the materials in contact with the process fluids.
For this reason, a corrosion resistant layer is used to protect the carbon steel pressure vessel wall. This layer, made of a special type of stainless steel, can be applied as a loose liner, as an overlay welding or as an explosion cladding.
A loose liner can give rise to a hazardous situation if a leak occurs and carbamate-containing fluids enter the space between liner and carbon steel. This leads to corrosion in the carbon steel and will weaken the pressure vessel wall.
For this reason Stamicarbon designed a leak detection system with continuous monitoring to allow safe operation of the equipment. Stamicarbon strongly advise the use of a continuous leak monitoring system, which enables the plant operating staff to take adequate action.
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